-Service providers need to ensure they provide an equal access to their services for all user -Recognising the barriers regarding access is therefore key and ensuring exclusion is minimised Barriers:(effects of the barriers can link to Maslow's hierarchy) Physical barriers: -these are the barriers that affect peoples mobility to enter a health care setting > when settings are designed on the assumption that everybody is mobile, then a setting is not accessible to all - for example, the elderly or disabled may find it difficult to access a setting due to steep stairs or lack of transportation/ disabled users and people with pushchairs may also struggle if no ramps or lifts are provided How may physical barriers affect the service users? -embarrassed to go to the premises if they will struggle to move around (reluctant to seek medical help) -feel worthwhile and forgotten about -health may deteriorate as people are reluctant to go see a service provider Psychological barriers - service users unwilling to visit a service as they are scared -service users frightened of the reality of their illness so put off seeing a doctor -service users with mental health problems may not realise they need support off service providers so do not visit a specialist =fear of catching someone else's illness when in the premises -being scared to loose independence if the person needs looking after How may psychological barriers affect the service user? -their health deteriorates -may become socially exclude as their anxiety worsens -pushing themselves too hard may lead to their problem being worse than it originally was -being unaware of the help they may be able to receive leading to a lack of knowledge Financial barriers -low income families may be discouraged to pay for services -lack of funding ensuring the level of provision is provided -working class families may not have time to go to service providers due to work -low income families can not afford private treatment and therefore may be waiting a long time to be seen -low income families may not be able to afford the transportation to the places How may financial barriers affect the service user? -Heath deteriorates -Feeling stress and anxious as they don't have time to visit a service provider -Stressed about money -Emotionally drained -Feeling of worthless as they are unable to provide their family with the help they may need -Unaware of the help they may have access too -May lead to life threatening problems as the person has been financial unable to get checked out Location barriers -people who live in rural areas may have limited transportation and even services within the area -post code lottery affecting the level of services where somebody may live How may location barriers affect the service user? -unaware of the services available to them -health gets worse -isolated -anxious to have to travel far -costly to travel far Cultural and language barriers - difficulty understanding the service provider -cannot read signs/leaflets in the setting -cultural differences not accounted for in the setting leading to social exclusion -difficulty filling out forms -difficulty with communication How may cultural and language barriers affect the service user? -feel worthless -feel stressed -reluctant to visit a service -may feel discriminated against -feel embarrassed Pedagogy: -lay out each barrier on a different table and ask pupils to go round and add notes in regards to each barrier -show this website to pupils and go through and discuss as a class (https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/LGB14/chapter/Why-are-some-people-not-accessing-services) -give students a variety of case studies and ask them to identify which barriers may affect that person -ask pupils to write a letter of complaint to a health care setting in regards to the barriers (get the pupils to go on to find real life complaints, stats etc) -ask pupils to design a care setting that ensures all barriers have been identified and dealt with -practice an exam style question in relation to barriers (see specification websites) -homework: after looking at the legislations - make connections between which legislations help to overcome which barriers