Defining health and well-being: 'a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.' (WHO 1948_ (a holistic definition - you as a whole person) 4 needs that affect health and well being: 1)Physical needs 2)Intellectual needs 3)Emotional needs 4)Social needs
Physical effects of an unhealthy lifestyle: 1) Disease and illnesses (conditions caused by an unhealthy lifestyle include: Cancers, Liver disease, Heart disease, STI) 2) Weight gain or loss (Gain can lead to heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers, high blood pressure & weight loss can lead to anaemia, stunted bone growth) 3) Body fat consumption > right amount of body fat = body temp regulated/right amount of energy stores/organs and tissues are cushioned too much body fat = obesity/ too hot/increased risk of diseases too little body fat = brittle bones/too cold/fertility problems
Intellectual effects of an unhealthy lifestyle: 1) Reduced educational success (poor attendance at school/brain development is slower) 2) Poor long-term career prospects 3) Inability to think clearly (drug abuse, effects of alcohol, feeling ill, nowhere quiet to work, hunger)
Emotional effects of an unhealthy lifestyle: Hard to develop relationships/ negative self-image/ stress/ unhappiness/ anxiety/ feeling worthless/ hard to maintain relationships/ lack of confidence/ low self-esteem/ psychological dependence = an emotional need for a substance or activity e.g. smoking
Social effects of an unhealthy lifestyle: Anti-social behaviour/ increase pressure on groups/ social isolation/ loss of friends/ less involved in social activities/ negative impact on family relationships
Diet and nutrition: Balanced diet: Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals -The Eatwell plate An unbalanced diet can lead to: obesity, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancers, strokes, anorexia
Exercise: Physical benefits: reduce risk of disease, relieves stress, better stamina, higher energy levels, aids weight loss, better strength, reduce BMI, helps maintain a healthy weight -exercise everyday -aerobic cardiovascular exercise 3-5 times a week for 20 mins at least BMI = weight in kg/height in m^2 BMI - takes weight and height into consideration but ignores muscle distribution and bone mass
Home environment: Poorer living conditions: noisier, accidents, urban area, conflict, damp, cold, small Better living conditions: quiet, spacious, access to services may be difficult in rural areas, happier Personal space is also a key factor Influence of partners and family on: what you eat, how you dress, moods, motivation, behaviour and habits
Work environment: Work-related factors that affect health and wellbeing: type of work, job satisfaction, mental stimulation, career success, support or conflict from colleagues, work/life balance Poor work life balance = unhappy as no time for self Good work life balance = happy as time for self
Alcohol consumption: Men = 3 to 4 units a day or 21 units a week and at least 2 free days Women - 2 to 3 units a day or 14 units a week and at least 2 free days (pregnant women advised not to drink) Binge drinking - drinking heavily in a short space of time - Physical effects include: vomiting, loss of sensory perceptions and blackouts Underage drinking happen because of: peer pressure, low prices, alcohol being readily available, parents or older friends buying it Alcohol dependence can result in: cravings, physical, social and emotional effects, long-term health risks, premature death Physical effects of alcohol: long and short term health risks, accidents, unsafe sex BUT...small quantities of alcohol have health benefits: decrease risk of dementia, help prevent colds, lower risk of diabetes, reduce risk of gallstones Emotional, social and intellectual effects: alcohol dependence, anxiety, depression, irritability, relationship problems
Smoking: Reasons for why people smoke: peer pressure, reward, relieve stress, beat other addictions, relaxed, pleasure Smoking ban - in the uk it is now illegal to smoke in all public places How addiction happens: nicotine alters the chemical balance in the brain and improves moods - nicotine is addictive and the body and mind get used the effects Physical effects of smoking: cancer, stained teeth, infertility, damaged blood vessels, bronchitis, reduction in taste and smell, coronary heart disease, strokes Emotional and social effects: dependency, worrying about money, arguments, social isolation, feeling like an outcast
Recreational drug use: Medical drugs and recreational drugs Medical - taken to control a medical issue Recreational - legal and illegal, taken for pleasure Drug types: stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens Physical effects: accidental death, illness, impaired judgement Emotional and social effects: dependence, mental health, loss of job, financial problems
Sexual practices: -can be emotionally rewarding but can lead to unwanted pregnancies -Safe sex practices: using contraception, only having sex with someone you trust, check ups, limiting sexual partners STI's: Herpes, HIV/AIDS, Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Pubic lice Symptoms of an STI: discharge, pain, itching, rash, sore Barrier methods: condom, femidom, diaphragm Physical Effects of unsafe sex: getting and spreading STI's, infertility, cervical cancer, unwanted pregnancy Emotional and social effects of unsafe sex: not developing close relationships, break up of relationships, loss of self esteem
Personal hygiene: washing hair, brushing teeth, wearing clean clothes, flushing the toilet, brushing hair, using a tissue when coughing and sneezing, hand washing, washing body Physical effects of poor hygiene: catching disease and infections, spread of disease and infections, body odour, bad breath Emotional and social effects of poor hygiene: loss of friends, social isolation, poor self-esteem, bullying, unemployment
Sleep patters: Lack of sleep can lead to: poor attention, anxiety or depression, irritability, stress, fatigue, lower energy levels, increased risk of accidents, risk of obesity
Influences on lifestyle can include: partners and family, culture and religion, friendships, peer group pressure, media influences, role models, education, finance, social media, genetic inheritance
Improving health and wellbeing: Implementations - a good health plan should include: -the problems -goals -alternative strategies -dates -longer -term strategies
SMART targets: SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ACHIEVABLE REALISTIC TIME-RELATED
Formal support: given by someone who is trained in the area e.g. doctors, health specialists, personal trainers Informal support: family, friends, colleagues, partners
Examples of barriers to health: Financial problems Influence of people around Motivation Education Addiction
Pedagogy: -given students in groups an area that effects health and wellbeing and ask them to create a presentation of their choice explaining the affects -ask students to build up a facebook profile of a person and ask them to identify how they are affecting their health and well-being -with this case study draw up a implementation plan -once the plan is in place, ask students to consider the barriers to health that now may affect the individual achieving their SMART targets and goals from the implementation plan -Smoking/alcohol adverts - discuss the message and why they are so hard hitting